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International Association for Pattern Recognition

The International Association for Pattern Recognition is an association of non-profit, scientific, and professional organizations concerned with pattern recognition, computer vision, and image processing in a broad sense.

UPCOMING SPONSORED CONFERENCES
DGMM 2025
4th International Conference on Discrete Geometry and Mathematical Morphology
Groningen, The Netherlands
ICPR 2026
28th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Lyon, France
S+SSPR 2026
Joint IAPR International Workshops on Statistical Techniques in Pattern Recognition and Structural and Syntactic Pattern Recognition
Bern, Switzerland

As we prepare to celebrate IAPR’s 50th Anniversary, we need your help!
If you have ideas, memories, or photos to share connected to IAPR, please let us know by sending an email to 50th@iapr.org. We are eager to collect materials we can digitize to not only preserve the history of IAPR, but to acknowledge the contributions of the many individuals who helped to make IAPR what it is today. For more information about our upcoming celebration, please see our 50th Anniversary page.

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IAPR ON YOUTUBE
Research Interests: 3D point cloud analysis, face analysis, machine learning Organization: University of Western Australia Website: https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/persons/ajmal-mian
Prof. Ajmal Mian
Research Interests: Pattern recognition, Biomedical image analysis, Robot vision Organization: University of Washington
Prof. Linda G. Shapiro
Research Interests: Positron Emission Tomography, Deep Learning Organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing at the Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
Dr. Leandro Jose Rodriguez
Research Interests: Data science, AI, Medical Imaging, Soft Computing Organization: Indian Statistical institute, Kolkata Dr. Mitra's Website: https://www.isical.ac.in/~sushmita/
Dr. Sushmita Mitra
A celebration of the ICPR's female researchers held in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020) in Milan, Italy. Workshop Organizers: Alexandra Branzan Albu, University of Victoria Maria De Marsico, Sapienza University of Rome https://iapr.org/icpr2020
W4PR2020: Women at ICPR Workshop
Linda O'Gorman A Brief Look at the Evolution of the Role of Women in the IAPR W4PR: Women at ICPR Workshop A celebration of the ICPR's female researchers held in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020) in Milan, Italy. Workshop Organizers: Alexandra Branzan Albu, University of Victoria Maria De Marsico, Sapienza University of Rome https://iapr.org/icpr2020
W4PR2020: Linda O'Gorman – A Brief Look at the Evolution of the Role of Women in the IAPR
Ingela Nystrom Towards Equal Opportunities in Academia - Experiences and Lessons Learned Internationally and at Uppsala University W4PR: Women at ICPR Workshop A celebration of the ICPR's female researchers held in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020) in Milan, Italy. Workshop Organizers: Alexandra Branzan Albu, University of Victoria Maria De Marsico, Sapienza University of Rome https://iapr.org/icpr2020
W4PR2020: Ingela Nystrom – Towards Equal Opportunities in Academia
Research Interests: Vision and Language, Multimodal Learning Organization: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy Dr. Cornia's Website: https://aimagelab.ing.unimore.it/imagelab/person.asp?idpersona=90
Dr. Marcella Cornia
Research Interests: Medical Image Analysis, Visualization Organization: Centre for Image Analysis, Uppsala University, Sweden Dr. Nystom's Website: https://www.cb.uu.se/~ingela/
Dr. Ingela Nystrom
"Why so?" Fred asked. "Well, my boys," he said, "you must be ready for another journey to-morrow. And it will be much longer and more fatiguing than the one we have just made." "Just to think," said Frank, "that people persist in calling these Japanese 'barbarians!' Here are machines for stamping coin and performing all the work of a mint, and it bears the mark of the Japanese. Here are delicate balances for weighing gold and silver and getting the weight down to the fraction of a grain, and they are just as sensitive and as well made as the best specimens from the French or German makers. If the Japanese can do all this, and they certainly have done it, they deserve to be considered just as good as any other people in the world." I found Miss Harper fanning the wounded giant and bathing his brows, and my smiles were ample explanation of my act as I hung the sword up. Then I brought in my leader. "Captain Jewett," he said after a nearly silent exchange of greetings, "I wish we had you uninjured." "I regard that statement of his as highly significant," resumed Gregg, after a slight pause. "For, of course, if the Clockwork man really is, as suggested, a semi-mechanical being, then he could only have come from the future. So far as I am aware, the present has not yet evolved sufficiently even to consider seriously the possibility of introducing mechanical reinforcements into the human body, although there has been tentative speculation on the subject. We are thousands of years away from such a proposition; on the other[Pg 54] hand, there is no reason why it should not have already happened outside of our limited knowledge of futurity. It has often occurred to me that the drift of scientific progress is slowly but surely leading us in the direction of some such solution of physiological difficulties. The human organism shows signs of breaking down under the strain of an increasingly complex civilisation. There may be a limit to our power of adaptability, and in that case humanity will have to decide whether it will alter its present mode of living or find instead some means of supplementing the normal functions of the body. Perhaps that has, as I suggest, already happened; it depends entirely upon which road humanity has taken. If the mechanical side of civilisation has developed at its present rate, I see no reason why the man of the future should not have found means to ensure his efficiency by mechanical means applied to his natural functions." "Go hon!" exclaimed Mrs. Flack, leaning her red folded arms upon the table, "well I never!" The truth is that Doctor Allingham had not been able to summon the courage to make a further examination of the Clockwork man; and he had permitted himself to assume that there would be no immediate developments. So far as was possible he had allowed himself that very necessary relaxation, and he had insisted upon Gregg sharing it with him. The Clockwork man was not quite what either of them had, alternatively, hoped or feared. From Allingham's point of view, in particular, he was not that bogey of the inhuman fear which his original conduct had suggested. True, he was still an unthinkable monstrosity, an awful revelation; but since the discovery of the printed instructions it had been possible to regard him with a little more equanimity. The Clockwork man was a figment of the future, but he was not the whole future. Gradually Lytton Avenue grew quiet again. Leona Lalage stood up so that the light of a lamp outside showed her up in a ghastly fashion. She had lost her fair wig somewhere, her face was all cut and bleeding, her left ankle was painfully sprained. "But stranger still to say, the live heroine, yourself, is more deeply interested than I imagined. We will say that she did a foolish thing. She fell in love with one of her own guests--Dr. Bruce, to be plain." Steam-engines. 6. To meet the conditions of rotation in the wheel, and to facilitate the escape of the water without dragging, after it has expended its force upon the vanes, the reversed curves of the turbine is the best-known arrangement. Highly indignant, I claimed of course that that soldier should also be called; but I was told that I had better assume a more modest tone. I then asked to be taken to the commanding officer, whom I had seen that afternoon; but he was away on inspection or something, and would not return before the next morning. Personally, we know more about Aristotle than about any other Greek philosopher of the classic period; but what we know does not amount to much. It is little more than the skeleton of a life, a bald enumeration of names and dates and places, with a few more or less doubtful anecdotes interspersed. These we shall now relate, together with whatever inferences the facts seem to warrant. Aristotle was born 384 B.C., at Stageira, a Greek colony in Thrace. It is remarkable that every single Greek thinker of note, Socrates and Plato alone281 excepted, came from the confines of Hellenedom and barbarism. It has been conjectured by Auguste Comte, we know not with how much reason, that religious traditions were weaker in the colonies than in the parent states, and thus allowed freer play to independent speculation. Perhaps, also, the accumulation of wealth was more rapid, thus affording greater leisure for thought; while the pettiness of political life liberated a fund of intellectual energy, which in more powerful communities might have been devoted to the service of the State. Left an orphan in early youth, Aristotle was brought up by one Proxenus, to whose son, Nicanor, he afterwards repaid the debt of gratitude. In his eighteenth year he settled at Athens, and attended the school of Plato until the death of that philosopher twenty years afterwards. It is not clear whether the younger thinker was quite conscious of his vast intellectual debt to the elder, and he continually emphasises the points on which they differ; but personally his feeling towards the master was one of deep reverence and affection. In some beautiful lines, still extant, he speaks of ¡®an altar of solemn friendship dedicated to one of whom the bad should not speak even in praise; who alone, or who first among mortals, proved by his own life and by his system, that goodness and happiness go hand in hand;¡¯ and it is generally agreed that the reference can only be to Plato. Again, in his Ethics, Aristotle expresses reluctance to criticise the ideal theory, because it was held by dear friends of his own; adding the memorable declaration, that to a philosopher truth should be dearer still. What opinion Plato formed of his most illustrious pupil is less certain. According to one tradition, he surnamed Aristotle the Nous of his school. It could, indeed, hardly escape so penetrating an observer that the omnivorous appetite for knowledge, which he regarded as most especially characteristic of the philosophic temperament, possessed this young learner to a degree never before paralleled among the sons of men. He may,282 however, have considered that the Stagirite¡¯s method of acquiring knowledge was unfavourable to its fresh and vivid apprehension. An expression has been preserved which can hardly be other than genuine, so distinguished is it by that delicate mixture of compliment and satire in which Plato particularly excelled. He is said to have called Aristotle¡¯s house the ¡®house of the reader.¡¯ The author of the Phaedrus, himself a tolerably voluminous writer, was, like Carlyle, not an admirer of literature. Probably it occurred to him that a philosophical student, who had the privilege of listening to his own lectures, might do better than shut himself up with a heap of manuscripts, away from the human inspiration of social intercourse, and the divine inspiration of solitary thought. We moderns have no reason to regret a habit which has made Aristotle¡¯s writings a storehouse of ancient speculations; but from a scientific, no less than from an artistic point of view, those works are overloaded with criticisms of earlier opinions, some of them quite undeserving of serious discussion. When Aristotle passes from the whole cosmos to the philosophy of life, his method of systematic division is less distinctly illustrated, but still it may be traced. The fundamental separation is between body and soul. The latter has a wider meaning than what we associate with it at present. It covers the psychic functions and the whole life of the organism, which, again, is not what we mean by life. For life with us is both individual and collective; it resides in each speck of protoplasm, and also in the consensus of the whole organism. With Aristotle it is more exclusively a central principle, the final cause of the organism, the power which holds it together, and by which it was originally shaped. Biology begins by determining the idea of the whole, and then considers the means by which it is realised. The psychic functions are arranged according to a system of teleological subordination. The lower precedes the higher in time, but is logically necessitated by it. Thus nutrition, or the vegetative life in general, must be studied in close connexion with sensation and impulse, or animal life; and this, again, with thought or pure reasoning. On the other hand, anatomy and physiology are considered from a purely chemical and mechanical point of view. A vital purpose is, indeed, assigned to every organ, but with no more reference to its specifically vital properties than if it formed part of a steam engine. Here, as always with Aristotle, the idea of moderation determines the point of view363 whence the inferior or material system is to be studied. Organic tissue is made up of the four elemental principles¡ªhot, cold, wet, and dry¡ªmixed together in proper proportions; and the object of organic function is to maintain them in due equilibrium, an end effected by the regulating power of the soul, which, accordingly, has its seat in the heart or centre of the body. It has been already shown how, in endeavouring to work out this chimerical theory, Aristotle went much further astray from the truth than sundry other Greek physiologists less biassed by the requirements of a symmetrical method. That such a tendency was at work some time before the age of Epicurus is shown by the following passage from Plato¡¯s Republic:¡ª But what's the use of arguing with a man? You belong, Mr. Smith, There are lots of troubles in the world! There, again, they all sit down in the garden. The same little packets of betel, only wrapped in gold leaf, are offered to the company, and bunches of chrysanthemum sprinkled with scent. Sandy, half frightened, half triumphant, spoke four words: Larry, too, saw a number of difficulties¡ªperhaps more than did Jeff, because, from Larry¡¯s point of view, due to Sandy¡¯s suspicion of the superstitious pilot, Jeff must not go free with the gems in his pockets, nor did Larry dare be the one to go. If he did, Jeff might be playing a trick, let him get beyond chance of return in time, use some reserve gas and fly away. ¡°It was¡ªwhere?¡± Three swift flicks of his own flash showed to Jeff. "I shall ride into Apache with you in Captain Landor's stead, if he will allow me," he told her, and added, "and if you will." The little Reverend understood only Spanish, and his few words, pronounced with a precision altogether in keeping with his appearance, were Spanish ones. The old nurse murmured softly, as she took him up, "Quieres leche hombrecito, quieres cenar? El chuchu tiene hambre tambien. Vamos ¨¢ ver mam¨¢." In his impatience to reach his beloved Hanover, the king had out-travelled his Minister and the mistress, and reached Delden on the 8th late at night. The next morning he proceeded again so early as four o'clock, and was pressing onward, when in the forenoon he was seized with a fit of apoplexy in his coach, and on arriving at Ippenburen he was observed to be quite comatose¡ªhis eyes fixed, his hands motionless, and his tongue hanging from his mouth. His attendants wished to remain at Ippenburen to procure medical assistance; but this seemed to rouse him, and he managed to articulate, "Osnabrück! Osnabrück!" The only chance for his life, if there was any, depended on instant surgical aid; they went in obedience to his command, and on arriving at Osnabrück he was found quite dead on the 9th of June, 1727. As for the queen, she was a far superior person. She had been well brought up on the second marriage of her mother after the death of her father, by the Queen of Prussia, Sophia Charlotte, the sister of George I. She had been handsome till she grew corpulent and suffered from the smallpox, and still she was much admired for her impressive countenance, her fine voice, penetrating eye, and the grace and sweetness of her manner. She was still more admired for the striking contrast which she presented to her husband in her love of literature and literary men, extending her interest and inquiries into philosophy, theology, and metaphysics. Those who are disposed to ridicule her pretence to such knowledge admit that she was equally distinguished by prudence and[58] good sense. She combined in her manners royal dignity and unassuming grace, and was more popular with the